Posted on February 25, 2025 Henry Fayol Aviation
Though most aircraft are built to launch without any external help, there are certain scenarios where a runway may be too short for conventional takeoffs. This is where aircraft launching equipment comes in, playing a unique role in naval aviation and other specialized applications where aircraft need to take off from limited spaces. In this blog, we will explore how some of the most notable types of aircraft launching equipment work, discussing their advantages and limitations for their use.
Steam catapults are a well-established type of launching equipment that is primarily used on aircraft carriers. These launchers rely on high-pressure steam generated by powerful boilers to drive a piston along a track. The piston is connected to an aircraft’s nose gear via a launch bridle, transferring the immense energy needed to accelerate the plane to takeoff speed in just a few seconds.
This system incorporates advanced control mechanisms to regulate steam pressure and piston movement based on the weight, size, and required launch speed of different aircraft. Despite the advantages provided by this adaptability, the mechanical complexity and amount of space they take up make them more suited to large carriers with the necessary infrastructure.
A more recent advancement in carrier launch technology, EMALS utilizes a linear induction motor to generate controlled bursts of electromagnetic force that accelerate an aircraft smoothly across a launch track. Similar to steam catapults, EMALS allows for fine-tuned control over the launch force, making it easier to accommodate aircraft with varying weights and performance characteristics.
In contrast, EMALS provides a more gradual and controlled acceleration than steam catapults, improving overall launch reliability. The smoother launch sequence also helps to reduce stress on an aircraft’s airframe and minimize wear on sensitive components, extending operational lifespans. Additionally, by eliminating the need for bulky steam boilers and accumulators, EMALS frees up valuable space aboard a carrier.
Ski-jump launch systems offer a simpler and more cost-effective alternative to catapult-assisted takeoff. These systems rely on an upward-curved ramp positioned at the end of the flight deck. As an aircraft accelerates along the deck, the ramp provides an upward trajectory, converting forward momentum into additional lift. This allows takeoff to happen at lower speeds while maximizing available deck space.
Ski-jumps are particularly advantageous for aircraft designed with short takeoff and vertical landing (STOVL) capabilities, as they do not necessarily require the mechanical complexity of a catapult system. However, ski-jump launches depend heavily on an aircraft’s thrust and lift capabilities, making them suitable for fighter jets and STOVL aircraft, not heavier planes that need additional assistance to reach takeoff speeds.
RATO systems provide an extra boost of thrust during takeoff by using small rocket engines attached to an aircraft. These rockets ignite at launch, delivering an immediate burst of power that helps heavily loaded aircraft achieve takeoff speed in a short distance. This technology is particularly useful for operations from short or unpaved runways on land, where conventional acceleration may not be sufficient.
However, the additional weight and complexity of mounting and jettisoning rocket boosters can impose logistical challenges and requires specialized ground support equipment. Additionally, RATO systems provide only a single-use thrust boost that must be replaced after every launch, increasing operational costs. Though these factors have limited RATO’s widespread adoption, it remains useful in specific military and emergency scenarios where rapid takeoff from constrained environments is imperative.
Maintaining and repairing aircraft launching equipment requires access to high-quality components, and you can always rely on ASAP Part Services to source all that you need. As a leading online marketplace for aviation products, thousands of part numbers that cater to a wide range of operations are featured across our database. We are committed to providing efficient, affordable, and personalized procurement options for every customer, so do not hesitate to explore our website!
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